延安“乡村振兴南沟模式”的内涵与启示

Connotation and enlightenment of “Nangou rural vitalization model” in Yan’an City

关键词:  黄土高原  乡村振兴  南沟模式  可持续发展  退耕还林

Key words:  the Loess Plateau  rural revitalization  Nangou Model  sustainable development  Grain for Green

摘要:

农业农村优先发展是中共二十大提出的重要目标，乡村振兴是农业农村优先发展的标志性成果形式。黄土高原丘陵沟壑区既是严重水土流失区，也是我国经济社会相对落后的贫困区。如何实现生态效益、经济效益和社会效益三者有机协同发展是该区域亟待解决的问题。延安市安塞区高桥镇南沟村率先优化南沟村生态景观格局，历经八载把原来的贫困村打造成为全国乡村振兴的典范，探索出了一条生态建设与乡村振兴有机耦合发展之路。本文从科学与社会的综合视角分析了延安市安塞区高桥镇南沟村的“化蝶”经验，梳理发现“南沟模式”的内涵可以归纳为“景观多元化、生态经济化、农业现代化、人民福祉化”。南沟村的蝶变为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区乡村振兴提供借鉴案例，但是借鉴不等于照搬照抄，必须根据自然禀赋实事求是地推进乡村振兴。

Abstract:

The prioritizing development of agriculture and rural areas is an important strategy that proposed by the 20th CPC National Congress, and rural revitalization is an iconic achievement of the priority development of agriculture and rural areas. The Loess Plateau is not only a region with severe soil erosion, but also an area with relatively backward economic status in China. How to realize the coordinated development of ecology, economy and society is an urgent problem to be solved in this region. From 2014 to 2022, the ecological landscape has been optimized in the Nangou Village, Yan’an City, the original impoverished village has been transformed into a national model of rural revitalization. This paper analyzed changes in Nangou Village from the comprehensive perspective of science and society, and summarized the Nangou Model as diversified landscape, economic ecology, modernized agricultural and improved well-being. Nangou Village has pioneered a win-win path of ecological restoration and rural revitalization, providing significant case reference for other villages over the Loess Plateau. Nonetheless, the “Nangou Model” has its uniqueness, other villages should consider local ecological features when implying similar strategy.