历史文献记录的中国境内火山喷发辨析

Examination of the volcanic eruptions in China recorded by historical documents

关键词:  长白山  五大连池火山  望天鹅火山  阿什库勒火山群  大同火山群  腾冲火山群  大屯火山群  历史文献

Key words:  Changbaishan Mountain  Wudalianchi volcano  Wangtian’e volcano  Ashikule volcano group  Datong volcano group  Tengchong volcano group  Tatun volcano group  historical records

摘要:

摸清历史时期中国境内火山喷发的分布和规律，是一项对火山学和相关学科都非常重要的基础性工作。文章以历史文献资料为基础，结合地质资料，就此进行了系统梳理和辨析。结果表明，1719— 1721年黑龙江五大连池火山喷发是最早被中国历史文献详细记录下来的中国火山喷发。朝鲜历史文献记载，1597年因深源地震诱发长白山望天鹅火山小规模喷发；长白山第四纪火山群天池火山曾多次喷发，其中，公元946年前后的天池火山“千年大喷发”，应当是历史时期中国境内最大规模的火山喷发； 历史时期云南腾冲火山群有过喷发，但公元1609年是否喷发存疑；历史时期大同火山群是否曾喷发目前还存疑；台湾北部第四纪火山群的大屯火山群和龟山岛在历史时期有火山活动；昆仑山西段阿什库勒火山群阿什火山、小黑沟火山等在历史时期可能有喷发。地质资料显示，长白山龙岗、镜泊湖火山群和内蒙古东部阿尔山火山群等也曾在历史时期喷发。

Abstract:

Background，aim，and scope A complete and exact list of the volcanic eruptions in China in historical times is fundamentally important for volcanology and related subjects. Here we conducted a systematic survey of historical records as well as geological data. Materials and methods This study is based on a careful and systematic examination of Chinese and Korean historical documents and geological evidences. Results The eruption of Wudalianchi volcano in 1719—1721 could be the first volcanic eruption in China recorded by Chinese historical documents. Korean historical documents recorded that the Wangtian’e volcano in the Changbaishan Mountain erupted mildly in 1597, which was triggered by a deep-focus earthquake. The Tianchi volcano, Changbaishan Mountain, erupted successively in historical times, and the ‘millennium eruption’ around AD 946 was the greatest volcanic eruption in Chinese history. The Tengchong volcano group erupted in historical times, whereas it is uncertain whether it erupted around 1609. The possible historical eruption of Datong volcano group is still unresolved. The Tatun volcano group and the Kueishantao Island volcano were still active in historical times. In the western Kunlun Mountain, the Ashikule volcano group erupted in historical times. Geological data indicates that the Longgang and Jingpohu volcano groups in the Changbaishan Mountain and the Arxan volcano group in eastern Inner Mongolia also erupted in historical times. Discussion This study is based on an extensive search and careful examination of Chinese, Korean, Japanese and European historical documents, which proves to be a promising and effective approach. Historical records are ambiguous, and a comparison of various records and scientific interpretation is of key importance for this study. Conclusions After a careful examination, a complete list of volcanic eruptions in China in historical times is established. Recommendations and perspectives Future researches could focus on a more extensive searching of various historical documents. On the hand, accurate dating is the bottle neck of historical volcanic eruption researches. Geological studies, particularly accurate dating of volcanic eruptions is important. A complete and accurate list of historical volcanism needs a combination of historical and geological studies of volcanic eruption.