| 引用本文: | 于金媛,易朝路,曹景轩,魏雪涛.2025.铍元素在陆地生态环境中的研究进展[J].地球环境学报,16(5):528-547 |
| YU Jinyuan,YI Chaolu,CAO Jingxuan,WEI Xuetao.2025.Advances in the application of beryllium for terrestrial eco-environmental research[J].Journal of Earth Environment,16(5):528-547 |
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| 铍元素在陆地生态环境中的研究进展 |
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于金媛1, 2，易朝路2, 3*，曹景轩4, 5，魏雪涛6
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1.西藏大学 生态环境学院，拉萨 850000
2.西藏大学 宇宙线教育部重点实验室，拉萨 850000
3.北京年代科技有限公司，北京 100240
4.中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室，成都 610041
5.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
6.北京大学医学部公共卫生学院，北京 100191
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| 摘要: |
| 铍是对生态系统和人体有害的元素，广泛存在于大气、土壤、水体、动植物及人体内，且易在土壤、动植物中富集，高海拔地区尤为明显。动物或人体吸收一定量铍后，可能直接损伤器官或诱发心脑血管疾病而猝死。铍的天然放射性同位素可作为生态系统物质交换示踪剂，用于分析大气运动、地表侵蚀及地质年代。铍的主要迁移途径包括：岩石裂解进入土壤，经大气干湿沉降迁移至地表并渗入水体，随河流泥沙汇入海洋沉积；此外还存在土壤—植物、大气—土壤的局部循环。目前，铍在高寒生态系统的分布、在生物体内的累积，以及对人体的长期危害，是亟待探讨的重要科学问题。 |
| 关键词: 铍 水土气 动植物 迁移和富集 危害 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE232057 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE231001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中央引导地方科技发展项目（XZ202201YD0021C）；国家自然科学基金项目（12263004，12147218，41230523） |
| 英文基金项目:Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects (XZ202201YD0021C); National Natural Science Foundation of China (12263004, 12147218, 41230523) |
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| Advances in the application of beryllium for terrestrial eco-environmental research |
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YU Jinyuan1, 2, YI Chaolu2, 3*, CAO Jingxuan4, 5, WEI Xuetao6
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1. School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays of Ministry of Education of China, College of Ecology, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
3. Beijing Chronology Company, Beijing 100240, China
4. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
6. School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Beryllium (Be) is widely distributed in the atmosphere, soil, water, vegetation, animals and humans. It is a non-essential trace element, but is harmful to the ecosystem. It can remain in organisms for a long time and damage human health. Cosmogenic radionuclides of 10Be and 7Be can be used as a tracer for material exchanges in the atmosphere, soil erosion and Be circulation within the terrestrial ecosystem. This study aims to extend recent research on Be in the eco-environment. We reanalyzed the distribution of 9Be, 10Be and 7Be within the eco-environment so as to advance this potential new theory and facilitate the future application of this new Be-based method in the eco-environment. Materials and methods Be data from different eco-environmental components were collected from previously published papers or books. The data for each eco-environmental component were reanalyzed using Excel 2021 and compared with each other. Results The mean concentrations of Be in the atmosphere range from 0.03 ng·m−3 to 0.07 ng·m−3, and from 0.0001 mg·kg−1 to 10 mg·kg−1 in the other eco-environmental components. Mean Be concentrations in the various eco-environmental components, in sequential order from high to low values, are found in soil＞natural vegetation＞animal and human tissue＞surface water＞ground water＞sea water. During the process of mass transfer, Be also becomes concentrated in soils at high altitudes. It is enriched in aquatic plants and some aquatic animal organs, the leaves of woody trees, and aerial parts of grasses and soils. Natural Be isotopes can be used as tracers of mass exchange within the vertical and horizontal movement of air, soil erosion, soil dating and Be circulation within a micro-ecosystem. Be microcirculations also occur within the framework of mass energy transfers through the ecosystem. Be produced in soil and coal ash micro-particles falls on the Earth’s surface via dry and wet precipitation. Part of it is intercepted by vegetation and the remainder enters the soil. It also returns to the soil after plants and animals die and putrefy. Be is subsequently partly transferred back to the atmosphere. This process constitutes a Be microcirculation. A few Be chemical compounds can dissolve in acidic soil water and infiltrate groundwater or surface water. These enter rivers or underground runoff before being discharged into the oceans. Vegetation and animals ingest Be from soils, water and the air. High Be concentrations in living organisms can damage human health, and animal and plant growth. Be concentrations in human beings in some regions who have died suddenly from cardio-cerebral disease are significantly higher than in patients in the control group. Discussion Previous studies have suggested that Be found in the soil is derived from decomposed crustal rocks. Recent studies have discovered that the eco-environment contains Be microcirculations. Soil can contain high concentrations of Be via plants which have absorbed atmospherically-produced Be from the air. High Be concentrations in soil and sediment are found on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The accumulation of Be, specifically 10Be, has probably fallen to the surface from the air and/or through vegetation at high altitudes over a span of one million years. Even though concentrations of Be in water are the lowest for any eco-environmental component, high Be concentrations in aquatic plants and aquatic animals would suggest that Be, when dissolved in water, is easily absorbed by plants and animals. Further, such high concentrations would also imply that Be content can be enriched once within these living organisms. Be concentrations are much higher in shoots than in grown leaves or tree trunks. Plant shoot foodstuffs eaten by humans may therefore be harmful to human health. Significantly high Be concentrations found in the serum of patients in some regions who have suddenly died from cardio-cerebral disease would imply that Be is a potential trigger of such deaths. High Be concentrations in the human body can seriously damage the lungs and other important organs, and even lead to death. Be forms a compound with protein that the human body finds difficult to metabolize. This can remain in the body for a long time, or even an entire lifetime. However, the mechanisms behind the interaction between Be and protein or magnesium and other elements within living organisms remain unclear. Conclusions Be concentrations in the terrestrial eco-environment, in sequential order from high to low, are found in soils, vegetation, animals, humans, river water, groundwater and seawater. Be can be enriched in aquatic plants, aquatic animals and plant shoots. Within a micro-environment, the Be is recycled from the air to plants, then to the soil, and back again to the air. It may damage vegetation and animals. Be may even kill people if concentrations are high enough to cause direct death or trigger death from other fatal diseases. Recommendations and perspectives Studies of Be isotopes within high altitude eco-environments remain rare. The spatiotemporal distributions of Be isotopes, their enrichment within an ecosystem’s components, their accumulation in living things and their potential threat to long-term human health present important scientific dilemmas that need further investigation. |
| Key words: beryllium water, air and soil plant and animal migration and enrichment harmfulness |
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